The counts in this prosecution of Paul
Bergrin should never have been thrown together to begin with. In an
early post on this blog, I thought it could still work and I'm not
sure if that was my attempt at being positive or my over-confidence
in the ability of jurors to process the information throughout the
trial and follow the judge's directions when deliberating.
Clearly, severing the counts as Judge
Martini chose to do was the only fair way to try Bergrin. I realized
this during the trial, after reading a comment made by an attorney
based in the Newark area on an online newspaper article. The comment
referenced a belief that Bergrin is guilty based on the volume of
evidence - he stated that there was just such a volume of evidence
that guilt was obvious. Of course I argued that point because volume
will never equal substance and quality.
Ironically, the one juror that was
interviewed following the trial referred to the volume of evidence in
an interview with a Star-Ledger reporter. This is an exact
quote of the juror's statement to the reporter:
"As to how he viewed Bergrin’s guilt, Hershorn said, "I think the accumulation of evidence and witnesses and exhibits and the (prosecutors’) presentation was important … in terms of blending into an overall scope of the story.""
There would have been no "accumulation
of evidence and witnesses and exhibits" if the jury had followed
the judge's instructions. Innocence or guilt on each of the 23 counts
was supposed to be weighed separately per instructions for the
specific count.
I knew there was a serious problem when
the jury reached verdicts as quickly as they did. I expected the jury
to deliberate for a minimum of two weeks. To be honest, I expected a
hung jury on most counts and acquittal on the rest. There was one
count that I considered it possible for the jury to reach a guilty
verdict and that count did not involve the testimony of criminal
informants or jailhouse snitches.
Why would I expect deliberations to
last a minimum of two weeks? Well, let me break that down for you:
The jurors were at the courthouse for
an average of 8 hours a day. An hour each day was spent for a lunch
break and then according to statements from the judge, there were
early breaks, which I believe to be smoke breaks because of the one
jury note referencing a request for one. In general, one cigarette is
not going to be sufficient for a smoker all day and I believe there
was more than one smoker on this jury.
So, out of that 8 hour day, we can
assume that around 2 hours were used for breaks. That leaves 6 hours to
discuss the case each day. There was also a wait over the Anthony
Young transcript as is discussed by Judge Cavanaugh, Paul Bergrin,
and the prosecutors. Yes, they argued over what to purge from the
Young testimony (sidebars, rulings, objections etc...) before the
Young transcript was handed to the jury.
The jury actually only deliberated for
11 hours or less to determine innocence or guilt on 23 serious
counts. That, dear reader, is less than 30 minutes per count. Think
about that for a minute and then think about the one juror's
statement to the Star-Ledger reporter.
In my opinion, the jury did not even
bother to address each specific count. I would have thought
discussion of each count would take at least a half of a day and more
likely a day or more. I expected this jury to deliberate and discuss
Paul Bergrin's fate for 3-4 weeks, but no less than 2 weeks. In the last trial that was only on
the one count related to the murder of Kemo Deshawn McCray, the jury
deliberated for a couple of weeks and could not reach a unanimous
decision.
This jury reached a unanimous decision
on each and every count in less than 2 days, or really less than 11
hours. They were in a serious hurry to be finished with this trial.
The judge congratulated all of the jurors for their hard work and
thanked them at the end of the trial - he should rethink that
statement.
If an attorney can view this trial as a
volume of evidence instead of broken-down by individual count, it
should have been easily predicted that the jury would lump it
all together too. This was the first mistake with this trial. I will
be discussing some of the other mistakes from my perspective in the next
month.
These people (the commenting attorney referenced
and the jurors) do not think like I do. I tend to rip everything
apart, piece by piece, and consider one part at a time. This is an
investigative technique that I learned long ago and then later used
in viewing and investigating each witness statement and testimony in
my own trial. I consider it to be related to critical thinking
skills.
UPDATE on 26 March 2013 @6:30pm:
To refer to the specific jury instruction described in this post, view the jury instructions linked below. The relevant instruction is on page 32 of the document itself, but shows as page 38 on the PDF. The heading is:
SEPARATE CONSIDERATION - SINGLE DEFENDANT CHARGED WITH MULTIPLE OFFENSES
Jury Instructions
Each offense should be considered separately. Really I am being generous with my statement on the minimum deliberation time being two weeks - really generous. How can a jury discuss the count, list the evidence, and discuss the pros and cons of each piece of evidence and each relevant witness testimony, and then come to an educated decision in less than an entire day per count IF following this instruction?
UPDATE on 26 March 2013 @6:30pm:
To refer to the specific jury instruction described in this post, view the jury instructions linked below. The relevant instruction is on page 32 of the document itself, but shows as page 38 on the PDF. The heading is:
SEPARATE CONSIDERATION - SINGLE DEFENDANT CHARGED WITH MULTIPLE OFFENSES
Jury Instructions
Each offense should be considered separately. Really I am being generous with my statement on the minimum deliberation time being two weeks - really generous. How can a jury discuss the count, list the evidence, and discuss the pros and cons of each piece of evidence and each relevant witness testimony, and then come to an educated decision in less than an entire day per count IF following this instruction?
UPDATE on 28 March 2013 @1:15am
I have decided that the best way for me
to discuss the transcripts on this blog is to address the testimony of government witnesses that I have not already discussed on this blog, link to those previously discussed when necessary, and include defense witnesses that dispute the government's described plots. The racketeering counts are so vague that approaching this count by count would involve repeated discussion of the testimony of a long list of government witnesses.
It is my opinion that the government obscured the counts as related to the witness testimony to purposely confuse jurors. As Hershorn stated, "the accumulation of evidence and witnesses and exhibits" resulted in a mountain of evidence, though the quality of this so-called evidence is severely lacking when closely examined, and especially after reading Paul Bergrin's cross-examinations of each government witness.
It is almost as if the jurors plugged their ears to facts and truth revealed in Bergrin's cross-examinations and the entire production began and ended with the government's direct examinations. I have read through only 6 days of transcripts at this point, yet there are so many examples of clear witness impeachment that it undermines the entire case.
(> _ < ) ( > _ <) (shaking head!)
It is my opinion that the government obscured the counts as related to the witness testimony to purposely confuse jurors. As Hershorn stated, "the accumulation of evidence and witnesses and exhibits" resulted in a mountain of evidence, though the quality of this so-called evidence is severely lacking when closely examined, and especially after reading Paul Bergrin's cross-examinations of each government witness.
It is almost as if the jurors plugged their ears to facts and truth revealed in Bergrin's cross-examinations and the entire production began and ended with the government's direct examinations. I have read through only 6 days of transcripts at this point, yet there are so many examples of clear witness impeachment that it undermines the entire case.
(> _ < ) ( > _ <) (shaking head!)